U-shaped - ترجمة إلى إنجليزي
![[[Richard Tuttle]], ''Red Canvas,'' 1967, [[National Gallery of Art]] ([[Washington, D.C.]], USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/'Red Canvas' by Richard Tuttle, 1967, Corcoran Gallery of Art.jpg?width=200 "[[Richard Tuttle]], ''Red Canvas,'' 1967, [[National Gallery of Art]] ([[Washington, D.C.]], USA)")
![U-boat pens]] in [[Saint-Nazaire]], France](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Base ssmarin stnazaire.jpg?width=200 "U-boat pens]] in [[Saint-Nazaire]], France")
![Type IX]] U-boats outside their pen in [[Trondheim]], Norway, 19 May 1945](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Captured German U-boats outside their pen at Trondheim in Norway, 19 May 1945. BU6382.jpg?width=200 "Type IX]] U-boats outside their pen in [[Trondheim]], Norway, 19 May 1945")
![Oil painting of a [[Kriegsmarine]] U-boat, by [[Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/U-boot by Ferrer-Dalmau.jpg?width=200 "Oil painting of a [[Kriegsmarine]] U-boat, by [[Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau]]")
![''U-15'', a [[Type 206 submarine]], of the [[German Navy]] at the [[Kiel Week]] 2007](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/U15 Kieler Woche 2007 1.jpg?width=200 "''U-15'', a [[Type 206 submarine]], of the [[German Navy]] at the [[Kiel Week]] 2007")
![HDW]]/[[Kiel]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/U Boot 212 HDW 1.jpg?width=200 "HDW]]/[[Kiel]]")
![6}} ([[Willy Stöwer]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Willy Stöwer - Sinking of the Linda Blanche out of Liverpool.jpg?width=200 "6}} ([[Willy Stöwer]])")
تعريف
ويكيبيديا
Shaped canvases are paintings that depart from the normal flat, rectangular configuration. Canvases may be shaped by altering their outline, while retaining their flatness. An ancient, traditional example is the tondo, a painting on a round panel or canvas: Raphael, as well as some other Renaissance painters, sometimes chose this format for madonna paintings. Alternatively, canvases may be altered by losing their flatness and assuming a three-dimensional surface. Or, they can do both. That is, they can assume shapes other than rectangles, and also have surface features that are three-dimensional. Arguably, changing the surface configuration of the painting transforms it into a sculpture. But shaped canvases are generally considered paintings.
Apart from any aesthetic considerations, there are technical matters, having to do with the very nature of canvas as a material, that tend to support the flat rectangle as the norm for paintings on canvas.
In the literature of art history and criticism, the term shaped canvas is particularly associated with certain works created mostly in New York after about 1960, during a period when a great variety and quantity of such works were produced. According to the commentary at a Rutgers University exhibition site, "... the first significant art historical attention paid to shaped canvases occurred in the 1960s...."
